SOCA it to them

[Dave Birch] Thanks to everyone who e-mailed with links to the story about how the British have “banned” the 500 euro note. The note — generally referred to as the Osama, because everyone knows they exist but honest citizens have never seen one — is a particular thorn in the side of the forces of law and order.

UK wholesalers agreed to stop selling the distinctive pink and purple note last month after SOCA investigators found nine out of ten were used for illegal activities. The move is likely to heap pressure on the European Central Bank to withdraw the note from circulation entirely. It remains legal tender in the UK and there are fears British criminals will now simply source their 500 euro notes on the continent, or turn to the smaller value 200 euro note which is worth £170.

[From Britain axes 500 euro note over organised crime fears | Mail Online]

SOCA is the Serious Organised Crime Agency, the British version of the FBI I suppose. They must be pleased that we have done away with the dreaded Osama, musn’t they? Perhaps this is the action that David Lewis, Head of Anti-Money Laundering in the Financial Crime Unit at Her Majesty’s Treasury, was referring to a few weeks ago when I was whining on about high-value banknotes at a seminar.

But hold on. As the stories make clear, the British haven’t banned the Osama at all. In fact, I’m sure that stopping the wholesale distribution will have absolutely zero impact on the circulation of the notes in the UK, since criminals will just buy them down the pub instead of in banks. But it’s the thought that counts, isn’t it

Interestingly, this move once again puts Britain at odds with it’s neighbours. The European Commission’s draft statement on legal tender (I’d never heard of this before today, so thanks twitterverse for the pointers) contains fullsome support for the Osama.

According to a commission recommendation issued on Monday (22 March), retailers should not be allowed to put up signs banning the use of high-value banknotes. Refusal to accept these bills is fine from time to time if a shopowner is out of change at a given moment, but this should not be a permanent rule, the commission has said.

[From EUobserver / Commission frowns on shop signs that say: '€500 notes not accepted']

Now, some might find the Commission’s support for notes that the British police say have “no credible legitimate use” rather puzzling. After all, the Commission ought to want to support member states in cracking down on tax evasion, money laundering, drug smuggling, people trafficking and avoiding Spanish property taxes (which, as I understand, are the principal uses of the Osamas). And from the e-payments world, the Commission’s astonishing support for the least efficient payment mechanism, cash, is frankly bizarre.

Finding the tiny one- and two-cent coins more trouble than they are worth, Finland and the Netherlands have adopted rules rounding up prices to the nearest five cents, but Brussels says states should refrain from further such rules and stressed the right to use one- and two-cent coins.

[From EUobserver / Commission frowns on shop signs that say: '€500 notes not accepted']

This is all very odd. If the Commission is serious about “Digital Europe” then a more efficient payment system that is based on a level playing field — between cash and e-payments — should be at the heart of it.

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These are the personal opinions of Consult Hyperion and its guests and should not be misunderstood as representing the opinion of its clients or suppliers. To discuss how any of the technologies discussed in this post can benefit your business, please contact Consult Hyperion.

Cash does have some unique properties

[Dave Birch] The cost of cash isn’t only the cost of the notes and coins, the ATMs and armoured cars, the night safes and counting machines. It’s the lack of efficiency in the economy that goes with it. And economies that are stuck with cash are the worst off. So how much does cash cost in a developing economy? I happened across this figure while I was looking for something else in connection with a project that we are working on.

“The total cost of cash handling in Indonesia is Rp 6.13 trillion a year,” she said.

[From More consumer purchases made in cash | The Jakarta Post]

It’s hard to work out by calculating adjusted GDP and historic exchange rates, but I reckon this is about 0.5% of GDP, which is comparable to the UK. Considering that over 90% of all Indonesian retail transactions are in cash, this seems low to me, but who knows. Anyway, in discussion with someone else today, another point emerged. The real hidden cost of cash in developing countries is corruption.

A friend of mine just got shaken down by the Kenyan police in an excellent new scam. Watch out for this one next time you go to Nairobi! He got a approached by a man who wanted to talk to him: my friend ignored him and carried on walking down to the street. A few metres on he was stopped by two policemen who said that they had just seen my friend talking to someone who was a known terrorist and that they were going to arrest him and he would get five years in jail. Unless, that is, he could pay the fine for talking to known terrorists, which in Kenya is apparently $300. My friend was marched back to an ATM (the policemen were very specific that it had to be a Barclays ATM, connected to the Visa network) to get the money. If only, I thought, he had had been using the excellent M-PESA mobile money transfer! Then he could have paid the fine on the spot. That would have been much more efficient.

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These are the personal opinions of Consult Hyperion and its guests and should not be misunderstood as representing the opinion of its clients or suppliers. To discuss how any of the technologies discussed in this post can benefit your business, please contact Consult Hyperion.

Will mobile phones mean more crime?

[Dave Birch] There was a discussion at this year’s Digital Money Forum with David Nordell from the Terror Finance blog. He called mobile payments a terrorist’s dream, but I disagreed. People always see the worst in new technologies, projecting existing crimes on to it. But the ability of new technology to fight crime is surely just as great. Mobile phones are no different from any other technology in that respect. One the one hand mobile phones can be used to commit new crimes, but on the other hand they can be used to prevent, detect and solve crimes.

Recently, two death row inmates were arrested in Nakuru GK Prison after being tracked through the assistance of mobile services firm Safaricom. More than 10 mobile phones and a number of SIM cards that were used to transact more than Sh300,000 were confiscated. The inmates colluded with people outside the prison to provided them with phone numbers of wealthy people who they called and threatened with death if they did not follow orders. Police launched investigations into how the convicts had separately received Sh350,000 and Sh40,000 in their welfare accounts when the racket that was unearthed in February.

[From Daily Nation: - News |Police probing mobile money transfer racket]

Nice mobile payment application — call people up, get them to send money back via the mobile payment system — but only if you’re a really stupid criminal, since the phone company knows where you are and will tell the police. And the police will be able to track you, and they will know the details of anyone else you call. And it doesn’t matter if it’s a prepaid phone not registered to you, because knowing where you are and who you are calling is pretty useful information.

The tracking is especially useful and in the future we will come to accept that we know where stuff is, all the time. As an aside, this doesn’t mean the end of privacy, but I think it does mean new notions of privacy.

Within seconds, a Tampa map appeared with a blinking orange dot moving away from the park. “We’re thinking to ourselves, there are our cell phones going down the road,” Jennifer Jensen said. The dot left the park, headed down McKinley Drive, headed south of Fowler Avenue and stopped less than 4 miles away from where it started… Caroline switched to satellite mode, and they were suddenly looking at the outside of the Bentley Court Apartments, 11603 N 22nd St.

[From There's an app for that, too — Tampa cops find stolen iPhones with GPS - St. Petersburg Times]

At one level, this is just a fun “there’s an app for that story”. But think about it more as a window into the “internet of things” future. When everything is connected to everything else across an infrastructure then the idea of stealing something will become outdated (although, to be fair, some idiots still rob banks with shotguns). What’s the point of getting into my car if you can’t drive it without my RFID keyfob, what’s the point of stealing my TV if it will only decode encrypted signals if it is in range of my router and what’s the point of running off with my mobile phone if it won’t allow you to make calls unless you can mimic my voice? And what’s the point of stealing any of them at all if I can log in to any computer anywhere in the world and see where they all are?

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These are the personal opinions of Consult Hyperion and its guests and should not be misunderstood as representing the opinion of its clients or suppliers. To discuss how any of the technologies discussed in this post can benefit your business, please contact Consult Hyperion.

Photographic evidence

[Dave Birch] I got involved in an interesting discussion about photos as an authentication method at POS following on from Erin McCune‘s excellent reports from Payments 2010 discussing Facecash, amongst other things. Facecash displays a picture of the “card” holder at POS as an authentication mechanism, which sounds as if should add a great deal of security to the payments process and deter criminals, but I’m not so sure that this will work. Citibank had a go at putting photos on credit cards nearly twenty years ago but found, as did (as far as I can remember) RBS in the UK, that it actually doesn’t make a difference.

Many people choose to have their pictures on their debit and credits, but KFOX found out they actually do little to keep your accounts from being used without permission.

[From KFOX Investigates: Are Photos On Credit Cards Effective? - News Story - KFOX El Paso]

I recall working with a retailer on EMV migration some years ago, and they specifically instructed their staff not to look at any photos on payment cards because they didn’t want their staff to be put at risk for refusing. “Computer says no” is acceptable in modern Britain whereas “I’m sorry tattooed thug with rottweiler on chain, you don’t look like Mrs. Doris Finklestein” will get you stabbed. The retailers want the POS to say yes or no, and they didn’t want to have to make any judgements about risk: that’s what they pay the banks for.

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These are the personal opinions of Consult Hyperion and its guests and should not be misunderstood as representing the opinion of its clients or suppliers. To discuss how any of the technologies discussed in this post can benefit your business, please contact Consult Hyperion.